daniatuahaahmed

Sultan  Salahuddin Ayyubi  was born in the year  1137  and died in  4 March 1193  . His family was of Kurdish background and ancestry. His father named Najm ad-Din Ayyub, was banished from Tikrit and in 1139, he and his brother Asad al-Din Shirkuh, moved to Mosul. He later joined the service of Imad ad-Din Zangi who made him commander of his fortress in Baalbek. After the death of Zangi in 1146, his son, Nur ad-Din, became the regent of Aleppo and the leader of the Zengids. Sultan Salahuddin Ayyubi, the hero of hundreds of battles, and was the person ,who for twenty years braved the storm of the Crusaders and ultimately pushed back the combined forces of Europe which had come to swarm the Holy Land. The world has hardly witnessed a more chivalrous and humane conqueror. The Crusades represent the maddest and the longest war in the history of mankind, in which the storm of savage fanaticism of the Christian West burst in all its fury over western Asia .  He was great leader  and per

Period of prolonged abnormally high surface temperatures relative to those normally expected Heat waves may span several days to several weeks & significant cause of weather related mortality, affecting developed & developing countries alike. Heat stoke,  condition caused by continuous exposure to high temperature & humidity for several hours. The term sunstroke refers to the same disorder when exposure to direct sunlight is the main cause of the condition. The primary feature of heatstroke is an extreme & uncontrolled elevation of body temperature (106 to 110 °F 4) to (43°C) or even higher)  which can harm the central nervous system. Heatstroke It is the one major thing which we faces in heatwaves but the question is why it's happened?  What are the causes of heatstroke? Heatstroke Happened Heatstroke causes by your body overheating,  usually as a result of prolonged exposure to or physical exertion in high temperature. The most serious injury is heats

Period of prolonged abnormally high surface temperatures relative to those normally expected Heat waves may span several days to several weeks & significant cause of weather related mortality, affecting developed & developing countries alike. Heat stoke,  condition caused by continuous exposure to high temperature & humidity for several hours. The term sunstroke refers to the same disorder when exposure to direct sunlight is the main cause of the condition. The primary feature of heatstroke is an extreme & uncontrolled elevation of body temperature (106 to 110 °F 4) to (43°C) or even higher)  which can harm the central nervous system. Heatstroke It is the one major thing which we faces in heatwaves but the question is why it's happened?  What are the causes of heatstroke? Heatstroke Happened Heatstroke causes by your body overheating,  usually as a result of prolonged exposure to or physical exertion in high temperature. The most serious injury is heatstro

Socrates was born 470 BC and 399 BC. He was a  Greek  philosopher and is considered the father of western  philosophy . He tough  Plato  in 428-348 BC, was his most famous student and would teach  Aristotle  in 384-322 BC ,who would then tutor  Alexander the Great  in 356-323 BC. By this progression,  Greek philosophy , as first developed by Socrates. It was spread throughout the known world during  Alexander 's conquests.  Socrates' historicity has never been challenged but what precisely.  Although Socrates is generally regarded as initiating the discipline of philosophy in the West, most of what we know of him comes from Plato and so this honor is, rightly, challenged. Many different schools of philosophy were founded by Socrates' student and his influence would be felt for generations and even to the present day.  He studied  music , gymnastics, and grammar in his youth (the common subjects of study for a young Greek) and followed his father's profession as a sc

Sardar Ataullah Mengal was born in 1929 at Wadh in Baluchistan he is well known political and feudal figure of Pakistan Sardar Ataullah Mengal is campaigning a nationlist and separatist movement for over four decades. He is the head of shahizai mangal tribe. It's pashtun Tribe which resides in eastern paktia and adjacent khost. He became first chief minister of Baluchistan during Zulfikar Ali Butto's premiership from 1 May 1972 to 13 February 1973. In 1958 he along with chief of Marri tribe ,Khair Bakhsh Marri joined the national Awani Party. Ataullah Mengal was one of the candidate's considered for the position of president of Pakistan after the resignation of Pervez Musharraf . His participation in Sindhi Baloch Pushtoon fornt in 31 march 1985 which held in London. In 1995 he returned to Baluchistan and formed B. N. P Baluchistan National Party where he served as the chief Minister of Baluchistan in 1997 in Nawaz Sharif Premiership.

Mona khalidi is the Assistant Dean of student affairs and the Assistant Director of graduate studies of the school of international and public affairs at Columbia University. She married to Columbia University historian Rashid Khalidi. She work in Wafa agency late 1970's and early 1980's,  Wafa is official news agency of Palestine liberation organization. Mona khalidi is president of the Arab American Action network, an organization that acts as an advocate for Palestinian issues and for women issue. She is well-known personality

Wafa is the agency of Palestine which means Palestine News agency. It's also known as Palestine News and information agency. This is basically news agency of Palestine national authority and was P. L. O's news agency in the years before the formation of the PA. WAFA provides daily news from Palestinian territories,  Israel and the Middle East, and is available in English,  Arabic,  French and Hebrew language. It's source of information is currently issues currently events and regions. In the lates of 1970's and early of 1980's Mona Khalidi worked at WAFA

An Airport plays an important role in air transport and provides facilities for planes and helicopters to take off and landing.  An airport will always have a landing area, runway, adjacent utility building like terminals helipad , food court, area for international and national flights . The World's Largest Airport King Fahad international airport Dammam in Saudi Arabia is the world largest airport uptill now,  it covering an area of 78000 hectares.  Design of king Fahad international airport began in 1976 and was created by Yamsaki and associated Architect together with Aerosystems international.  The construction began in 1983 and was completed in 1999 ,when commercial operation began. This airport has a massive 6 story passenger terminal out of which three are for passenger processing, one for arrivals,  one for departure and one for board. The passenger terminal covers an area of 3,520,000 square feet and including 66 reserved for Saudi airline and  44 for foreign airl

Library came from Latin word liber which means Books and library is the old French word. In Greek and Roman language , the word is bibliotheca library is a place where group of collections of books and or other print or non-print materials organized and maintained for use like books,  journals, flims, archives, DVD, DC, research material, thesis, newspaper of different language and years e.c.t . It's a collection of sources of information and knowledge. Different places has different types library according to there need and according there types of libraries. Children library, Public library,  Special library and Digital library which is easier to gain information from anywhere. EARLY LIBRARIES Early libraries consisted of archives materials (writing material of that time)  such as Clay tables,  cuneiform , script,  papyrus,  vellum e.c.t . Those libraries are unique and archives for today ,which came from the legendary and great people who not only work for it but als

Pacific Ocean is an ocean which is between Asia and Australia. The word Pacific Ocean came from Latin name Mare pacificum, meaning is peaceful Sea.  Pacific Ocean is the largest Ocean of the earth's Oceanic division.  It extent from the Arctic in the north to the antarctic in the south,  Asia and Australia on the West. Americas on the east. The equator of Ocean divided into the north Pacific Ocean and South Pacific Ocean. The area of Pacific Ocean,  excluding adjacent seas,  is judged to be between 638-70 million square miles 165.2-181.3 million square kilometers,  which is twice the area of the Atlantic Ocean and greater than the total land area of the planet. The Pacific Ocean comprises about 46% of the earth's surface area and 1404ft ( 4280m)  depth . The lowest known point on earth is the Mariana Trench which lies 10911 metres 35797 ft or 5966 fathoms below sea level. It's average depth is 4028 - 4188.

Encyclopedia Britannica Mc Mahon line frontier between Tibet and Assam in British India,  negotiated between Tibet and Great Britain at the end of the shimla conference ( October 1913- july 1914) and named for the chief British negotiator, Sir Henry  Mc Mahon.  It runs from the eastern border of Bhutan along the crest of the Himalayas until it reaches the great bend in the emerges from its Tibetan course into the Assam Valley.  Delegrate of the Chinese republication government also attended the shimla conference,  but they refused to sign the principal agreement on the status and boundaries of Tibet on the ground that Tibet was subordinate to China and had not the power to make treaties. The Chinese have maintained this position to the present day and also have claimed that Chinese territory extends southward to the base of the Himalayas foot hills. This frontier controversy with independent India let to the sino-Indian hostilities of October November 1962 . In the conflict the

Muharaja Gulab Singh was born on 17 October 1792 at Jammu India and died on 30 June 1857 at Srinagar. He was the first maharajah of state Jummu and Kashmir and the second largest state in British India until partition of India/ Pakistan in 1947. The history of the kingdom of Punjab Gulab Singh is distinguished with his brothers for their loyalty to Ranjit Singh after the Death of Ranjit Singh Lahore Court fell into confusion in which all the Dogra Sadar except Gulab Singh were killed by treacher of the Sandhanwala Sikh Sardars who were in secret communication with the British. The great king was alive and ready battle with them . The land was divided into two nations one Pakistan and othere one India,  the ruling family was Hindu but the population was Muslim,  so it's decided in 1949 that land itself divided but both nation claim on Kashmir uptill now. Gulab Singh was from Rajputs his father Kishore Singh, was a distant Kinsman of jit Singh. Gulab Singh led an independen

The founder of East India company was John Watts and George White . This company has many names and people know this company by different names they are East India Company EIC, Honourable East India Company HEIC,  British East India Company BEIC, John Company, Bahadur Company . This company was founded in 1600 and formed to trade in the Indian Ocean regions, products of this company were Cotton , Silk, Indigoclye, Salt,  Spices , Saltpetre ,tea and upium, the governor and company of merchant of London trading into the East India the company rules for half of the world by it's products. The company also ruled the beginning of the British empire in India. In 1833 Lord Macaulay explained that " Since the beginning the East India Company had always been involved in both trade and Politics just as it's French and Dutch counterparts " This company belong from London and it's Headquarters was also same country this Industry was of international trade,  opium, tra

Social contract in political philosophy, an actual or hypothetical compact, or agreement, between the ruled and their rules,  defining the rights and duties of each. In primeral times, according to the theory individuals were born into an anarchic state of nature, which was happy or unhappy according to the particular version.  They then,  by exercising natural reason,  formed a society ( & a government by means of a contract among themselves ) Encyclopedia of Britannica Social contract is a theory during the age of Enlightenment and usually concerns the legitimacy of the authority of the state over the individual. Their 1762 book written by Jean Jacques Rousseau,  he wrote about this concept although the antecedents of social contract theory that found in antiquity,  in Greek and stoic philosophy and Roman and canon law,  it about mid of 17th to early 19 centuries.

John laird Mair Lawrence is known as Sir John Lawrence, Bt. He was born on 4 March 1811 , Ulsterman and died in 27 June 1872 at the age of 68 . He served as Viceroy so India from 1864 to 2869 . Sir John was born in Richmond,  North Yorkshire and he was youngest son of his family. His  father and  two brothers had served in India as a solider in the British Army,  his brother name are George Lawrence and Henry Lawrence included in it. John Lawrence entered the Bengal civil service and in September 1829 he set sail for India with his brother's His first job was magistrate and he was mastered in Urdu and Persion. In 1837 he became officer at Etawah. In 1840 he returned to England and in August 1841 he got married and back to India in 1842 . Sir John Lawrence felt inclined to sent , large and large contingent of European soldiers at Peshawar to Delhi. He was one the active soldier and he was active in his work. On September 14 Delhi has b recaptured and due to his action. Lawren

Charles John Canning was the first viceroy of India the title of viceroy was created in 1858 after the muting in 1857 . East India company was ruling large parts of India & the head of administration of the East India company , called Governor General . This was created in 1773 & control over the British provices of India such as Punjab,  Bengal , Bombay,  Madras, United provices ect. After the muting in 1857 the British government took control the administration from east Indian company. To reflect the Governor General's role as representative from the Monarch the term Viceroy of India was applied to him and remained title , existence from 1858 till 1947 Charles was Governer General of India from 1856 to 1858 and viceroy of India from 1858 to 1862 .

Bethlehem is the biblical birthplace of Hazart Isa (A. S) . Bethlehem was founded in 1400BEC (eat) . In Arabic pronouncation Be t lahim.  ( house of meat)  and in Hebrew it's ( house of bread)  . It's the city of Palestinian and located in the central west bank of Palestinian about 10km ( 6.2 miles)  South of Jerusalem. The population of this city is about 25000 at that time and it's,  capital of Bethlehem. Bethlehem is one of the oldest city of history.

On the river Indus near Kashmore in the sindh province of Pakistan there is a barrage named guddu barrage .president Iskandar Mirza laid the foundation stone of guddu barrage on 2th February 1957 and completed in 1962 and inaugurated by Field Marshal Ayab Khan. The cost of barrage was 474.8 million rupees.  The length of barrage is 1355 meters. It used to control water flow in river Indus discharge capacity of 1.2 million cubic feet per second ( 34000 m/s) . The barrage has 64 bays,  each 60 feels (18m)  wide.  The maximum flood level height of guddu barrage 26feet ( 8m)  &  control irrigation supplies to 2.9 million acres  ( 12000km)  of agricultural land in the kashmore,  jacababad,  larkana, sukkur district sindh,  Naseerabad district of balochistan.  It feeds ghotki feeder,  Begari feeder desert & pat feeder cannals

On river Indus in Taunsa Tehsil of Dera Ghazi Khan District of Punjab there is a barrage called rains barrage which is situated 20 kilometers (12 miles)  southeast of Taunsa Sharif and 16 kilometers (9.9miles ) from Kot Addu . This barrage control water flow in river Indus for irrigation and Flood control purpose. It's designated by Ramsay site on 22 march 1996. The length of rains barrage is 4346 feet ( 1325m) and serves 2.351 million acres ( 951,400 hectares ) of land besides diverting flows from river Indus to the Chenab River. This barrage also serves as an arterial road bridge, a railway bridge & crossing for gas & oil pipelines telephoneline extra high voltage (EHV)  transmission lines.

Jinnah barrage on the River Indus near kalabagh in Pakistan construction started  beginning in 1939 and it's opening date was 1946. The height of barrage is 8.5 m (28ft)  length is 1152 m (3780ft) & spillway capacity is 950,000 cu ft/s (27000 m3/s) . It is the part of that project which help in irrigate in the Sindh. Sagar Doad east in Indus. In June 2012 a major rehabilitation for the barrage begin. It's includes the construction of a weir 244m (801ft)  and the project is expected to be complete in June 2016 .The new guide banks will be built and existing ones repaired.

The first construction barrage is sukkar barrage in 1923 to 1932 . It started building during the British Raj & named llory barrage. The construction under the overall direction of Sir Charlton Harrison CIE. Sukkar barrage was opened by the Viceroy of Indian lord Willingdon . The scheme had been launched by the government of Bombay, Sir George  Ambrose Lloyd later known as lord Lloyd for whom it was named. Dakar barrage is used to control water flow in the river Indus for irrigation & flood control purpose.  It's enables water to flow through and that was originally a network of canal 6166 miles 9923 km long feeding the largest irrigation system in the world,  with more than 5 million acres (20,000 km) of irrigated land.  The retaining wall has 66 spans each 60 feet ( 18m)  wide each span has a gate weighing 50 tons

Scientists have identified biological changes in apparently normal airway tissue that could potentially predict the development of lung cancer. The changes alter game & cell activity in the immune system. A team from Boston university school of medicine in Massachusetts let the student to made these finding ogling cancer. The researcher examined sample of precancerous lesions from the airway tissue of people who smoke. The team take years to see & search whose lesions became cancerous. In a nature communication paper,  they describe how they identified  four molecular subtypes of precancerous lession with the help of distinct tissue & immune system difference

Papyrus . Papyrus is a material of ancient Egypt . Papyrus was the writing material by which they save their documents or we can say that was the great invention of writing. Papyrus is the first thing which ancient Egypt used and made across NILE VALLEY ,it was also used throughout the Mediterranean region and kingdom of lush. YEAR OF PAPYRUS MADE .. It was fourth millennium BCE. WHAT IS PAPYRUS . it was fine,  firm white smooth surface of writing, which was produced in sheet of 13 digits (10 inches) wide papyrus came from plant and joined together side by side and rolled up into a scroll form book.

In 1450 Johannes Gutenberg invented book. Invention of book started from the papyrus, parchment,  vellum till paper, oriented with one edge tied,  sewn or otherwise fixed together & then bound with flexible spine to protect the cover of that book. Book cover was heavier relatively inflexible material.  Codex, scroll  are other different types of that material of that time by the help of these materials they write and save there material. Today books we use are of different kind , they are of different subject some has good and fine paper and some not,  we read and writes on these materials .